Mechanical sand, also known as liquid metal penetration sand, is a mechanically mixed adhesive layer of metal and sand formed on the surface of the casting by drilling liquid metal or metal oxide into the sand gap on the surface of the mold cavity through capillary penetration or gas phase penetration. Metallic luster can be seen when cleaning the sticky sand layer. The mechanical sand surface is spongy and firmly adhered to the surface of the casting, which mostly occurs in the parts where the heat action is strong on the surface of the sand mold and the sand core and the sand mold compactness is low, such as near the pouring gate, the thick section of the casting, the internal Angle and the groove.

Mechanical sand not only affects the appearance quality of castings, and even causes scrap, so enough attention should be paid to the mechanical sand of castings to improve the product yield. Based on many years of production experience and reference to the relevant materials, the author discusses the causes of casting mechanical sand and its prevention measures.

Uma isakhiwo sika ukwakhiwa kanye nokuhlobisa kwenziwe ngokushesha kwenziwe kahle, okuhlobisa okuphambene noma okuphambene, noma isakhiwo esiphansi kanye nesakhiwo esincane noma isakhiwo esincane noma isakhiwo esincane, le ndlela izokwenza ukwakhiwa kwesandla kwezomnotho. 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Izimboni

(1) The process design of the pattern is poor, so that the sand ramming is not compacted or the compactness is uneven, which will cause the surface of the cavity to be rough or loose, and have a direct impact on the production of mechanical sand. The following errors often occur in the process design of the pattern:

Kuyodinga ukuthi kungaba yikuphetha okungenasidingo kwezinyawo zokuphatha, okwenza kube nokukhula okuphakathi okuphakathi, noma ukubonakala kwesimiso esikhulu esiswini.

Okulungiselelwe okwesibili ukuthi isiteji sokuphansi kwezinkambu ezikhona emkhakheni wokuphansi akuyona okuhambisana, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kubonakala okungenasidingo ukuphansi, okwenziwe ngokuthi isiteji isheshwe kakhulu ekhanda lomkhakha, noma isiteji esheshwe kakhulu. Ngoba isiteji esheshwe kakhulu, kuzosiza ukuthi ukuphansi kwakhiwe kwezimanga, futhi uma kungekho okungenasidingo ukuphansi kwakhiwe kwezimanga, kuzophuma isandla somshini. Ngenxa yohlelo olufanayo lwamaphutha, isandla somshini kanye nokuphansi kwakhiwe kwezimanga kuzophuma ekuphansini okufanayo.

Okulandelayo, indawo yomqhubi oqondile, isibonelo kanye nomqhubi wokugcina kanye nomqhubi wokugcina akuyiyo okuyinto ekhethekile, kuzoba nezinto zokuhlukumeza ezifanele ukuba ziqashwe, okuyenzeka ngenxa yezimboni zesistimu sokuqala.

Ekhethekile, uma isihlalo sokufaka kwezinto sihamba <1.5°, futhi uma ukuphakama kwesandla kusuka kahle, isikhala sesandla sokufaka kwezinto sizobe siphakamile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izinto zezinto zingene emetaleni noma emetaleni oxides.

Ukuphakama kwesimo sokwenza kwepatini kuyisifo, ekwenzeni ukuthi isimiso se-metal hydrostatic isinyane. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezimo, inkomba yomthwalo wemithi iyaphakamiswa, kungaba kufanele ukwenza isimiso se-mithi noma isimo esingcono ukuze kwenzeke ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yomlilo kwi-sand mold.

Ibhokisi lomhlaba

Isayithi nesakhiwo sesandu akuyona okufanele, ekwenzeni ukuthi isandu sibe ngezinye izikhathi okungcono noma kungcono kakhulu.

Izinkomba ezihambisana zalesi sifo zingaba ezilandelana:

Isikhala esingaphikisana kwezinkambu zebhokisi kuyenza kube kubi kwezinye izinto ezithuthukile, kuyinto esikhathini esifushane esandla kakhulu, okuyisiza ukuthuthukiswa kwesandla okwesoft, okuyinto esikhathini esandla okwesoft noma okwesandla okwesandla.

Ngenxa yokuthi isandla sasezindaweni esincane kakhulu, isikhumba asisoli.

Ukuphakama okungaphandle kwesikrini, ukuze isikrini nesikrini asingatholakali ekwenzeni indawo ekwakhiwe, ukuze isikhumba phakathi kwe-riser noma isikrini nesikrini asibe sethu. Futhi ngenxa yezinkinga yokuthi kuzoba khona ukuphakama okukhulu, ukuze isikrini esikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho, uma indawo yorhunwa noma riser ayikwazi ukushintsha, kumele isikrini sibe sikhathazwe noma sikhathazwe ngokugcwele.

(4) The upper box is too high. Mechanical sand is usually related to the permeability resistance of the cavity surface and the static pressure of the liquid metal, and the size of the liquid metal pressure is related to the density of the metal and the height of the upper box. If starting from the need for casting feeding, the upper box should have a height.

4, isicelo sokugcina

Ukuphakama okungasebenzi kwesipawuli kuyenza kube kushisa ekhishini lokuthenga kwesandla, okwenza kube kushisa ekupheleni kwesandla esikhungweni, futhi i-liquid yemithi noma i-oxide yemithi ethandwa ekugcineni kuyakhula ukuphela kwesandla.

Izinhlobo zalesi sikhathi zingase zingaba njengazo:

Kusuka kwi-1, umgqomo ongaphambili noma ongaphansi kuyatholakala kakhulu ekuseni kwe-mold ukuze kube yizone yomlilo. Uma uhlobo lwesondo kule zone yomlilo akalambisiwe, isifo sokubhakabhaka kwesondo somshini kuyoba kubi kakhulu.

Kwesokudla, ukubili, amanzi amakhulu kakhulu okuphakathi kwezindawo zokuphakama kuyobaqondile ukuthi kuyathunyelwa. Uma isheli elikhishwe ekuphakameni kwezindawo zokuphakama kuyakhanyisa ngokuthi kuyaphela. Uma isheli elikhishwe ekuphakameni kwezindawo zokuphakama kuyakhanyisa ngokuthi kuyaphela.

Third, when pouring, any factor that can cause the liquid metal pressure to be too high may cause the casting to produce mechanical sand. The situation is particularly serious when the liquid metal is not only under high pressure, but also at high temperature.

Ukubonisa okuhambisanayo kwezinyathelo zomthwalo, i-cross runner kanye ne-inner runner akuyona okufanele, ngakho-ke i-liquid metal iyathuthukiswa ngokuzithutha ngenxa yokupheka, okwenza kube nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezimithi yemithi, kanye nokufaka ekupheleni kwesandla. Ngesikhathi sokupheka, kufanele kube nokugcina isistimu sokupheka isiswidi esilindele, uma kungenzeka, unyathela wonke umunwe wesiswidi ungathuthukisa i-liquid metal.

Ukubusa kwesiqhelo sesikhumba sibekile kakhulu, okuzosiza isikhumba esiphakathi kulo ukuphuma kwezinye izinto, okuyinto isenzo esingcono kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwenziwa ngokushesha ngokushesha ngokushesha, ukuze kungakhathaliseki ukugqoka kwesikhumba, kudinga ukwenza isikhumba esikhulu. Uma ukufaka akukwazi ngenxa yezimboni ezifanayo zesikhumba, kudinga ukucindezela isikhumba ukuze kungakhathaliseki ukugqoka, kunokuba ukwazi ukwenza isikhumba esikhulu. Ukubusa okuncane kwesikhumba kungase kube nokuphuma kwesikhumba.

Ukudala okungaphandle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokwenza i-cup yokupheka noma i-runner ethambile, ukuze ukuphekwa kwehlabathi kwezinye izinto okwenza ukuthi i-liquid metal ithuthukise, okuyinto kubonakala njengoba kuyinxenye yezinkinga, nge ukukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwefilimu ye-oxide ekuphathweni kwe-liquid metal kuyosiza ukwenza isikhala esikhulu.

Izinto zokwenza isandla

Ukuphakama okungahlanganisiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezandla zokuthi kuzosiza ekuphakameni kwesandla, futhi ukubanga kwesandla kwezinye izinhlobo zezandla kuzoba nokuthatha isinqumo esiphambili kwezandla.

Ukuvuthwa kanye nokwenza isandla sokwenza kwezinto kuyisifo.

Inkathi yokwenza i-casting izoba ngeke ibe yimpumelelo uma i-resin coating ekhokhelwa kwi-shell sand iyintsha kakhulu, okuzobaqinisekisa ukuphila kwesandla esikhathini esizayo kanye nesandla esikhathini asikwazi ukukhokhwa yiresin, kuyinto ngoba lesi sikhathi esiyinkulu, i-casting izoba yakhokhelwa ngokwezokwenza.

Izindlela ezincane zezinto zokugcina zokugcina noma izinto ezithile zokugcina ezikhona ezindaweni zokuhlala zizalwa kakhulu ngezinto zezimetalu, ukuze i-oxide iyela indawo yezindawo kanye nezinye izinto ezithile zokugcina.

Ukwenza okuqukethwe

Isikhumba sesand core esingaphuliwe kungenzeka kube kancane kakhulu noma izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zingaphansi, okuyisisekelo ekwenzeni izithelo zezithelo.

Izindlela zokwenza isandla asikwazi ukuthi zibambeke, futhi inqubo yezandla ayikwazi ukubambekeka, okuyinto inamandla okwenzela isandla esikhundleni.

Inhlabathi lomkhiqizo luhamba noma luhlanzekile, okuyokuza kwenza ukubamba kwesondo kwemikhumbi. Imithombo emiluhlaza noma amakhemikhali okuthunyelwa kwezinto ezihlanzekile ziyafuna inhlabathi eluhlaza noma eluhlanzekile lokhu kanye nokufika ekubambeni ekwenzeni ukuthi kwenzeke ekhaya.

Isandla sika isikhumba siyathakatha amanzi ngenhla yokugcina. Ngokwe isikhumba, amanzi angaphezu kwanezinkinga. Ngoba kukhona amanzi angaphezu kwanezinkinga ekusikhumbeni. Kunezinye izandla zitholakala zibe khula, kodwa kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ngamanzi.

Ukuphenduka kwesand core kuyathandwa ngokungahambisani ekuphendulwa, noma uma ipenti ikhona ekubomini, ekwenzeni ukuphenduka okuphazamiseka noma ukuphula kwesand core. Isikhathi esizayo kuyinto ukuthi akukho ipenti eningi ekusiza ukuphepha okanye izinto zezinto ezithambile zokungena ekuphendulweni. Ukuphenduka kwepenti kuyinto okufungula isango esikhuluma ekusand core, ekwenza ukuthi umlilo wemali uqale nokwenza amandla amanzi.

Ukuzamukela kwesand core coating kuyakhula kakhulu, kuyobaqinisekisa ukubamba kwesand yezomnotho.

Inkani yokuqala yemithombo yasand core iyisinye. Ngenxa yokukhululekile kweklayi ekungabonakali ekhulwini, noma kakhulu kwezinto ezithambile, ngakho-ke isinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kusuka kweklayi, okwenza kube ngeke kube nokukhululekile kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kweklayi futhi kwenza ukuthi isinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kweklayi kube ngeke kube nokukhululekile kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambisana kwesinyathelo sokwenza okuhambis

Ukuxuba okuqinile kwezandla kuyinto embi, ngakho-ke inani lomphumela lwemithambo yezandla kungadingi kakhulu, kuyinto ekwenzeni ukuthi kube khona ukuphuma okungaphakathi ekuxubeni, ekwenzeni ukuthi kube khona ukuphuma okungaphakathi kwemikhumbi.

Uma isondo salokhu sokucoca nokuthwasa kwesondo salokhu sokucoca kungaphandle kokwenza okubi, kuzobaqinisekisa ukuthi kungaba nokuthi kwenza ukucoca okuphelele kwesondo salokhu sokucoca. Qiniseka ukuthi ukubonisa okubi kwesondo salokhu sokucoca, izimo ezinhle kumele ziqashelwe.

Isandla sika isikhumba asidluli ngaphambi kokudlala nokucwila ipenti. Njengoba ukubamba amanzi nokubuyisela kwesandla sika ekhumbeni lokuhlambela, isicelo siyatholakala ukuba siphakame futhi siphuthule.

Izikrini zokulungiswa azilungile, kuyoba ukuthi isikhala sikaqala sikwengezeleka ekukhishweni kwezikrini, ekwenzeni ukuba isondo lesikhala libe lula. Isikhala esinomqondo omuhle kunezikhala ezincane, futhi isikhala esinomqondo omuhle asingakwazi ukutholakala uma isikhala sikaqala asilungile.

7. Ukucwasa

Ukugcina okunethezeka kanye nokuphenduka kwezinto ezithambile akuyona eyodwa. Kwiqembu eliningi, ukuphenduka kwokugcina kuyinto enzima njengoba nokuphenduka okunethezeka. Kodwa, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi ukugcina okungaphansi kancane kwenzela okubi kunokugcina okunethezeka kwesondo.

Izindlela ezimbi zokwenza ukushaqeka kwesondo. Isondo somshini wosondo siqinile futhi siphethwe, okuzosiza ukuthi isondo lesikhumba lisithuke. Ukushaqeka okuphambene noma izinto zokushaqeka zingase zitholakale, kuyodinga ukuthi amandla ahlukene aqale ukuphuma kanye nokushaqeka komoya.

Izinto zokuhlola ezimbi ziyatholakala zingaphansi kanye nezimanga, kanye nokuthi izimanga zezimoto zizojwayeleka.

Izinto ezithile noma ezifanele zokupheka isondo.

Isikhumba semvelo sephethe lapho isiphephetho asidliwa kahle noma asidliwe kahle.

Ukuphuma kwamafutha okuningi kuyawenza isiqinisekiso esiphambili sesandla, futhi kuyavela ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sokukhanya kwezimetalu ukuthi kwenze isandla esikhuluma emfutshane ekwenzeni isandla.

Umlayezo wokupheka kwesondo kuyakhawuleza kakhulu, isondo sizovulelwa ngosondo, futhi isondo sizovula, sizovula noma sizovula, ekwenzeni ukuthi isondo lisondele.

Inhlabathi lwe-patini lihlukaniswe ngesandla esincane, okuyinto isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ekusebenziseni.

Izinto ezinamandla kanye nezinzuzo (isandla esikhulu, isandla esikhulu, isandla lokuxhasa, isandla elilodwa, njll.) zihlanganisa. Uma izinto ezinamandla kanye nezinzuzo zihlanganisa, amanzi aqhubeka. Amanzi angasebenzisa ukuphusha isandla esikhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esithile kakhulu isinyathelo sokwenza amaxayi, kanye nokuthi ukuphela kwamakhasi kwezinto ezimetalu kwenza. Lokhu kuyinto enkulu yezinto ezisetshenziswa kwezinto ezimakhasi, kodwa futhi kuyinto enkulu yezinto ezisetshenziswa kwezinto ezimakhasi ezimakhasi.

Izinto ezimbili zezinto zemithi ziyakhiwa ngokuthi zingaba izinto ezimbili ezithile ezithile ezithile.

Kungenzeka ukuba kube lula ukwakha amakhemikhali amabili okuhamba kahle, futhi imetal okuhamba kahle kuyadinga ukuba iyisebenzisele kakhulu ukwenza isandla esikhulu kunalokho imetal enezinkinga ezingaphezu kwezinyawo noma ukugcina.

Isihlangu lisiza izinto ezincane zokuyela okuphansi, njengaselezi ebronzi yelead, okuyisiza ukwenza isikhumba esisiza. Ngoba ilead ikhona ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu kunaleliya yemali.

Izindlela ezithinta ezidinga ukuthi zihlukane ekubonakaliseni kwezinye izikhala. Ngenxa yezinye izikhala ezinamandla zokubonakalisa, kuyakhula ukwenza isikhala sasendaweni. Futhi, ngenxa yezinkathi eziningi zokuthiwa, ukubonakalisa kwamandla kwezinye izikhala kuyakhelwa, ngakho kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezimo zokubonakalisa ezithuthukile.

9. Ukumisa

Uma isimo sokupheka kuyakhula kakhulu, kuzoba nezinye izinto ezithinta ukuvuthwa kwesibani esiluhlaza, kodwa kwenza ukuvuthwa kwesibani esiluhlaza kube kude kube sekupheleni, okuyenzela ukuthi ukwenzeka kwesibani esiluhlaza kube kude kube sekupheleni.

Iladle iliyanyathelwa kakhulu futhi ibhokisi eliqophelisayo elinganeni elinganeni, kuyoba nokwakhiwa kwemetal enganeni okwakhiwa kwemetal, futhi kwenza ukuthi imithi yemetal noma i-okside yemetal iyene emzimbeni wemhlaba.